EU Directive 2023/970

The range question is no longer optional in the EU

Since June 2026, EU employers must tell applicants the pay range before the first interview — and may no longer ask salary history. This page measures, daily and per country, how much of the market already discloses in public postings. No survey, no modeling: counted from live job ads.

What changed

Directive (EU) 2023/970: applicants get a right to the initial pay range, pay-history questions are banned, and gender pay-gap reporting phases in for employers with 100+ employees. Transposition deadline: 7 June 2026. The cost of silence is now legal exposure, not just candidate drop-off.

31,314 live EU postings measured as of 2026-10-10 · countries shown at ≥25 open roles

Disclosure league — share of postings stating pay

Country Open roles Employers Stated ranges Salary disclosure rate
Austria 653 62 321 181.4% Consulting Retail & Hospitality Engineering Sales Legal Operations Finance Skilled Trades
France 7,841 206 1,443 143.3% Retail & Hospitality Skilled Trades Sales Finance Support Engineering Data & ML Consulting Operations Marketing People & HR
Latvia 87 14 34 85.0% Data & ML
Netherlands 1,570 132 448 80.1% Retail & Hospitality Engineering Sales Operations Consulting Data & ML Support Marketing
Lithuania 158 27 37 64.9% Engineering
Slovakia 230 23 47 61.8% Consulting Data & ML Engineering
Italy 1,075 102 271 60.0% Engineering Sales Operations Consulting Data & ML Marketing Product
Belgium 888 67 105 55.9% Retail & Hospitality
Poland 1,692 143 273 47.0% Engineering Data & ML Consulting Retail & Hospitality
Finland 188 29 33 42.9%
Spain 1,964 164 322 38.7% Engineering Consulting Data & ML Sales Marketing Product Operations
Hungary 337 29 28 35.9% Consulting
Germany 7,875 363 918 29.4% Skilled Trades Retail & Hospitality Sales Engineering Data & ML Consulting Operations Marketing Support Product Finance
Ireland 1,184 95 185 27.7% Engineering Sales Consulting Data & ML
Denmark 310 45 34 27.4%
Romania 445 57 24 27.3% Engineering
Estonia 61 13 5 26.3%
Croatia 84 16 7 25.9%
Luxembourg 166 29 10 23.8%
Portugal 1,295 77 124 20.1% Engineering Data & ML Marketing
Czechia 313 41 20 18.0%
Norway 286 39 11 17.7% Engineering
Bulgaria 311 36 18 15.1%
Sweden 750 86 48 15.0% Engineering
CY 92 17 7 11.5%
MT 114 15 10 9.4%
Greece 1,309 51 48 4.3% Engineering
Slovenia 36 10 0 0.0%

Disclosure = stated ranges over roles where salary text is observable (list-only sources excluded). Sample reflects tracked employers, not a census — the mix is published on the companies page.

Benchmarking against the directive?

See what competitors actually publish per role and market before you set your ranges — every number drills to the live posting it came from.

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Studying transparency adoption?

Every aggregate is reproducible: the as_of parameter replays the panel as it was known on any date, and the events feed carries each disclosure change with its source URL.

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